TLP WHITE
1.0 Introduction
The Cyber Incident Quarterly Summary Report Q2 2025 provides an overview of computer security incidents handled by the Cyber999 Incident Response Centre of CyberSecurity Malaysia in Q2 2025.
This quarterly Cyber Incident Report also highlights statistics of incidents dealt with by Cyber999 Incident Response Centre in Q2 2025, according to their categories and security alerts and advisories released in this quarter. It should be noted that the statistics provided in this report reflect only the total number of incidents reported and handled by the Cyber999 Incident Response Centre, excluding elements such as monetary value or aftermaths of the incidents. Computer security incidents dealt with by the Cyber999 Incident Response Centre involved IP addresses and domains from Malaysia.
CyberSecurity Malaysia works closely with ISPs, CERTs, Special Interest Groups (SIGs), Government and Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), from local and international, to remediate and mitigate computer security incidents affecting Malaysia.
2.0 Trends Q2 2025
There were 34.9 million internet users in Malaysia at the start of 2025, while Malaysia was home to 25.1 million social media users’ identities in January 2025, equating to 70.2 per cent of the total population [1]. Meanwhile, the Malaysian Federal Police Commercial Crime Investigation Department acting director, Datuk Rohaimi Md Isa, said the number of cases for online fraud from January to March showed an increase compared to the last three months of last year, namely October to December, which recorded 10,715 cases involving losses of RM519.9 million [2].
In general, the Cyber999 Incident Response Centre receives incident reports from Internet users, members of the public, home users, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), industries, academia, and non-profit organisations (NGOs). Additionally, we proactively seek and gather insights on cyber threats through partnerships and collaborations worldwide that could impact Internet users and organisations in Malaysia and aid in mitigating these threats. The Cyber999 Incident Response Centre received 2058 incidents in Q2 2025, compared to 1657 incidents in Q1 2025. This indicates a 24 percent increase in Q2 2025.
Tables 1 to 3 below provide details of the incidents, and their figures reported in Q1 2025 and Q2 2025.
Table 1: Comparison of Incidents Reported in Q1 2025 and Q2 2025
| Categories of Incidents | Quarters | Percentage (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | ||
| Denial of Service | 6 | 7 | 17 |
| Intrusion | 132 | 136 | 3 |
| Data Breach | 195 | 103 | -47 |
| Intrusion Attempt | 101 | 89 | -12 |
| Vulnerabilities Report | 38 | 15 | -61 |
| Malicious Codes | 43 | 49 | 14 |
| Fraud | 1126 | 1633 | 45 |
| Spam | 16 | 26 | 63 |
| TOTAL | 1657 | 2058 | 24 |
Table 2: Breakdown of Incidents Based on Months in Q2 2025
| Categories of Incidents | Apr | May | June |
|---|---|---|---|
| Denial of Service | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| Intrusion | 36 | 41 | 59 |
| Data Breach | 33 | 33 | 37 |
| Intrusion Attempt | 29 | 30 | 30 |
| Vulnerabilities Report | 7 | 3 | 5 |
| Malicious Codes | 14 | 13 | 22 |
| Fraud | 512 | 543 | 578 |
| Spam | 3 | 14 | 9 |
| TOTAL | 634 | 680 | 744 |
Table 3: Breakdown of categories and sub-categories of incidents in Q2 2025
|
Categories and Sub-categories of Incidents |
Apr |
May |
June |
|
Denial of Service |
|||
|
Denial of Service – DoS |
0 |
3 |
4 |
|
Fraud |
|||
|
Fraud -- Bogus Email |
17 |
18 |
21 |
|
Fraud – Business Email Compromise |
0 |
2 |
1 |
|
Fraud – Fraud Site |
15 |
12 |
13 |
|
Fraud – Impersonation & Spoofing |
94 |
123 |
124 |
|
Fraud – Job Scam |
18 |
22 |
17 |
|
Fraud – Love/Parcel Scam |
2 |
4 |
3 |
|
Fraud -- Phishing |
366 |
362 |
399 |
|
Vulnerabilities Report |
|||
|
Vulnerabilities Report – Misconfiguration Information Disclosure |
5 |
2 |
2 |
|
Vulnerabilities Report -- System |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Vulnerabilities Report -- Web |
2 |
0 |
3 |
|
Intrusion |
|||
|
Intrusion – Account Compromise |
34 |
37 |
57 |
|
Intrusion -- Defacement |
2 |
4 |
2 |
|
Intrusion Attempt |
|||
|
Intrusion Attempt – Login Brute Force |
9 |
16 |
7 |
|
Intrusion Attempt – Port Scanning |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Intrusion Attempt – Vulnerability Probes |
20 |
14 |
23 |
|
Malicious Codes |
|||
|
Malicious Codes – Botnet C&C |
1 |
2 |
0 |
|
Malicious Codes – Malware |
12 |
11 |
14 |
|
Malicious Codes – Malware Hosting |
1 |
0 |
8 |
|
Content Related |
|||
|
Content Related – Data Breach |
33 |
33 |
37 |
|
Spam |
3 |
14 |
9 |
|
TOTAL |
634 |
680 |
744 |
Figure 1 illustrates and provides an overview of the incidents reported in Q2 2025 in a chart. Figure 2 illustrates the percentage of incidents based on their classification.
Figure 1: Breakdown of incidents based on categories in Q2 2025
Figure 2: Percentage of incidents reported by categories in Q2 2025
Based on the above statistics, it is notable that all categories of incidents reported to us increased in Q2 2025 compared to Q1 2025. Spam incidents rose by 63 percent compared to Q1 2025. In Q2 2025, the most frequently reported incidents were Fraud, Intrusion, and Data Breach. Fraud accounted for the majority, representing 80 percent of all reported cases, followed by Intrusion at 6 percent and Data Breach at 5 percent.
Looking at the current trends, fraud incidents will most likely continue to grow in Malaysia in 2025. Spam incidents have tremendously increased for this quarter, while data breach incidents decreased to almost half compared to Q1 2025. Nevertheless, organisations and Internet users are urged to take proper security measures to prevent data breaches.
Meanwhile, for fraud incidents other than phishing URLs, new tactics and techniques in online scams that concatenate social engineering and malicious code could grow in Malaysian cyberspace.
2.1 Top Fraud Incidents Reported in Q2 2025
Fraud continuously prevails within the community, targeting various citizens, end users and organisations, from students to professionals, large to small organisations. It has become a preferred method of criminals as awareness is still lacking among the public, making them an easier target. One thousand six hundred thirty-three fraud incidents were handled this quarter, representing a 45 percent increase compared to Q1 2025. All the fraud incidents were received from organisations and public users. The top fraud incidents reported to the Cyber999 Incident Response Centre are as follows:
Table 4: Top Fraud Incidents Reported in Q2 2025
|
Top Fraud incidents |
Number of Incidents |
|
Phishing |
1127 |
|
Impersonation and Spoofing |
341 |
|
Bogus Email |
56 |
|
Fraudulent Website |
40 |
|
Job Scam |
57 |
|
Business Email compromised – BEC scam |
3 |
|
Love and parcel scam |
9 |
Our statistics show that over three-quarters of fraud incidents reported are phishing, representing 69percent of total fraud incidents reported in Q2 2025. Based on the incidents reported to us, we observed the following phishing trends in Malaysia. These trends were similar in the previous quarter, Q1 2025.
- Contextualised and Localised Phishing Themes
Government Aid Scams: Phishing emails or SMS impersonate legitimate government programs (e.g., bantuan/sumbangan kerajaan), offering financial aid but requiring victims to provide personal details or click malicious links.
Fake Promotions and Discounts: Popular brands like Lazada, Shopee, or local retailers are spoofed, luring victims with fraudulent discounts or free vouchers.
Traffic Summons Scams: Messages claim unpaid police summons, providing fake payment links to steal financial credentials.
Subscription Services: Services like Netflix or Spotify are impersonated, tricking victims into renewing subscriptions or fixing payment issues on fake websites.
- Mobile-Focused Phishing (Smishing and App-Based)
Smishing (SMS Phishing): Attackers send fraudulent SMS messages mimicking banks, e-wallets, or delivery services (e.g., J&T, Pos Malaysia) with malicious links.
- Phishing Calls (Vishing)
Phone Scams: Attackers impersonate government agencies (e.g., PDRM or LHDN, MCMC), banks, companies, or even CyberSecurity Malaysia, pressuring victims to disclose sensitive information. Common tactics include threats of legal action, account suspension, or overdue payments.
Therefore, Internet users and organisations must be vigilant when conducting online transactions or performing e-commerce transactions to avoid becoming victims of online fraud.
2.2 Top Malware Incidents Reported in Q2 2025
The top malware incidents include malware hosting, ransomware, malicious APKs, backdoors, and trojans. The top reported malware incidents are related to malicious APKs. This type of incident is typically received from Internet banking users and sometimes from local financial institutions.
A malicious APK is an Android Package (APK) file containing malware designed to harm devices, steal data, or perform unauthorised actions. APK files are used to distribute and install applications on Android devices, and malicious versions exploit this format to spread malware. They often mimic popular apps (e.g., social media, games, or utilities) to trick users into downloading. Attackers may distribute these files through phishing emails, social media, fake websites, or third-party app stores.
Table 5: Types of Malicious APKs Reported in Q2 2025
|
Types of Malicious APK |
Total |
|
yanxiu-new-BZN8iyonE57waHIT.apk |
1 |
|
Wedding Invitation APK |
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
JobExpress APK |
1 |
|
Cleaning APK |
2 |
|
NA (Not identified specific name of the APK) |
6 |
The second top-reported incident within the malware category is malware hosting. Malware hosting primarily targets vulnerable servers with outdated security patches and updates. These incidents are usually received from foreign entities, such as anti-virus vendors and special interest groups, regarding servers in Malaysia that are hosting malware. System Administrators must be vigilant and keep systems up to date with the latest patches and security updates to prevent servers from being compromised and hosting malware.
Ransomware incidents slightly decreased in Q2 2025 compared to the previous quarter. We received 16 incidents in Q1 2025 and 13 in Q2 2025, indicating a 19 percent decrease. Nevertheless, organisations must be vigilant about ransomware incidents in this quarter as these are still prevalent in Malaysia with serious consequences to affected organisations. Ransomware is malicious software (malware) that infects a computer and restricts access until the requested ransom is paid. It is also considered one of the costliest and most devastating attacks, as it is enormous to recover all the data and rectify infected machines.
Our findings identified that businesses, including national critical information infrastructure (NCII), are most impacted by ransomware incidents in Malaysia, consistent across the globe. Active Directory (AD) servers have become primary targets in Malaysia, regardless of on-premise or cloud hosting. Compromising AD servers can significantly amplify the impact of a ransomware attack. Using tools like PsExec, Group Policy Objects (GPOs), or Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to execute ransomware on all connected systems. Ryuk and Conti have been observed targeting AD servers for mass deployment and faster network-wide encryption. Additionally, we also observed in many incidents of ransomware that the backup servers are also targeted and impacted, calling for more serious implementation of backup policies in organisations. We also observed attackers exploit vulnerabilities in virtualisation platforms like VMware and ESXi servers that can be targeted directly, allowing attackers to gain control over multiple VMs simultaneously. Ransomware operators use phishing attacks, brute force, or stolen credentials to access VM management consoles or servers. LockBit has been observed deploying scripts to attack VMware environments, including deleting backups and snapshots.
Looking at the current trends, ransomware incidents will continue to grow, impacting businesses and critical sectors in Malaysia in 2025. Though the reported ransomware incidents have slightly decreased in this quarter, organisations and Internet users must always take proper security measures against ransomware incidents. Good backup management, password security, and cyber security awareness are essential in combating ransomware and other types of malware. Implementing the backup procedure, policy, and best practices among organisations and public users is also essential in mitigating ransomware attacks.
Table 6: Ransomware Variants Reported in Q2 2025
|
Types of Ransomware Variant |
Number of Incidents |
|
DeadBolt |
2 |
|
M142 HIMARS |
1 |
|
Trust |
1 |
|
Qilin |
2 |
|
Akira |
2 |
|
RALord |
1 |
|
NA (Not identified specific name of the ransomware) |
4 |
Apart from ransomware, we also handled incidents involving botnets that infected computers in Malaysia. A botnet (short for robot network) is a network of computers or devices infected by malicious programs and controlled by a single attacker called a botmaster or bot herder. These infected devices, called bots or zombies, enable the attacker to control them remotely. Botnets are commonly used in:
- Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks: to overwhelm a target system, server, or network, making it unavailable to legitimate users.
- Massive Spam Campaigns: Sending large amounts of phishing or spam emails.
- Credential Theft: Logging keystrokes to steal passwords or sensitive information.
- Cryptojacking: Using infected devices to mine cryptocurrency without consent.
Apart from ransomware, botnets and malware hosting, we also handled incidents related to infostealer in Q2 2025. Infostealer is malicious software created to breach computer systems and steal sensitive information, including login details. Generally, data from the infostealers contained login credentials from various sources, including information saved on web browsers (such as passwords and credit logins), auto-filled logins, FTP clients, email apps, instant messaging clients, and VPNs.
Below is a list of infostealers associated with data breaches reported to us in Q2 2025:
Table 8: Info stealers reported in Q2 2025
|
Types of Info Stealers |
Number of Incidents |
|
Lumma Stealer |
8 |
|
Satanic cloud stealer |
3 |
|
SnakeKeylogger |
1 |
2.3 Data Breach Incident is Prevalent in Malaysia
Data breach incidents in Malaysia have declined this quarter, with a significant 47% decrease. However, despite this positive change, data breaches remain a critical concern due to its serious consequences. High-profile breaches often involve massive datasets, including personal identifier information (PII) like identification numbers, addresses, and financial details, and often involve PII from national databases. Serious security measures must consistently be implemented to prevent and mitigate data breaches, especially for personal data.
We are also observing a trend where perpetrators exfiltrate or steal sensitive data from organisations and hold the data hostage, in some cases after ransomware attacks, also known as double-extortion. Perpetrators will then threaten the organisation to release or sell the data on the dark web unless the organisation pays ransom within a timeframe set by the perpetrators. In the case of extortion by perpetrators, we always advise organisations to refer the matter to the LEAs, for best advice and next course of action.Other trends we observed in this quarter include resurfacing of previous data breaches. Perpetrators claimed and posted on the dark web that they have breached data belonging to specific organisations. However, our analysis confirmed these are resurfaces of previous data breaches that happened a few years back and not new breaches.
Table 9: Data Breaches Reported in Q2 2025
|
Types of Data Breach |
Description |
|
Personal Identifier Information (PII) |
Full name, identity card numbers, home address, age, handphone number, date of birth, and salary. |
|
Account Credential |
Username and password of email accounts, username and password of Internet banking accounts. |
|
Appliances Credential |
Admin panel access, Joomla, WordPress, FTP access, wp-admin access and etc. |
3.0 Security Advisories and Alerts Released in Q2 2025
In Q2 2025, the Cyber999 Incident Response Centre issued 52 Security Advisories and one report. Each with descriptions, mitigation steps, and recommendations for organisations and Internet users to follow. The security advisories involved Mozilla, Microsoft, Apple, VMware, and several other CVEs listed in Table 10. The security alerts concern growing online fraud and malware threats that we identified as potentially serious to citizens and organisations in Malaysia. If not correctly identified and mitigated, such threats could have serious consequences for citizens and organisations.
Table 10: List of Significant CVEs in Q2 2025
Here is the table with the CVEs and their descriptions:
|
CVE ID |
Description |
| CVE-2025-3066 |
Use after free in Site Isolation in Google Chrome Allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-3067 |
Inappropriate implementation in Custom Tabs Allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to perform privilege escalation via a crafted app. |
| CVE-2025-3068 |
appropriate implementation in Intents in Google Chrome on Android Allowed a remote attacker to perform privilege escalation via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-3069 |
Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome Allowed a remote attacker to perform privilege escalation via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-3070 |
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Extensions in Google Chrome Allowed a remote attacker to perform privilege escalation via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-3071 |
Inappropriate implementation in Navigations in Google Chrome Allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to bypass same origin policy via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-22457 |
A stack-based buffer overflow in Ivanti Connect Secure Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.4, and Ivanti ZTA Gateways before version 22.8R2.2 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution. |
| CVE-2025-20212 |
Cisco Meraki MX/Z Series AnyConnect VPN Denial of Service Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition in the Cisco AnyConnect service on an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid VPN user credentials on the affected device. This vulnerability exists because a variable is not initialized when an SSL VPN session is established. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by supplying crafted attributes while establishing an SSL VPN session with an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Cisco AnyConnect VPN server to restart, resulting in the failure of the established SSL VPN sessions and forcing remote users to initiate a new VPN connection and reauthenticate. A sustained attack could prevent new SSL VPN connections from being established. |
| CVE-2025-20139 |
Cisco Enterprise Chat and Email Denial of Service Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input to chat entry points. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious requests to a messaging chat entry point in the affected application. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the application to stop responding, resulting in a DoS condition. The application may not recover on its own and may need an administrator to manually restart services to recover. |
| CVE-2025-20120 |
Cisco EPNM and Cisco Prime Infrastructure Stored XSS Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against a user of the interface on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input by the web-based management interface of an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious code into specific pages of the interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information. |
| CVE-2025-20203 |
Cisco EPNM and Cisco Prime Infrastructure Stored XSS Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against users of the interface of an affected system. The vulnerability exists because the web-based management interface does not properly validate user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by inserting malicious code into specific data fields in the interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials |
| CVE-2025-30401 |
In WhatsApp Desktop for Windows. A spoofing issue in WhatsApp for Windows prior to version 2.2450.6 displayed attachments according to their MIME type but selected the file opening handler based on the attachment’s filename extension. A maliciously crafted mismatch could have caused the recipient to inadvertently execute arbitrary code rather than view the attachment when manually opening the attachment inside WhatsApp. We have not seen evidence of exploitation in the wild. |
| CVE-2025-3066 |
Use after free in Site Isolation in Google Chrome Allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-29824 |
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. |
| CVE-2024-53150 | Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability |
| CVE-2024-53197 | Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Access Vulnerability |
| CVE-2024-21762 |
A out-of-bounds write in Fortinet FortiOS. A out-of-bounds write in Fortinet FortiOS versions 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, 7.0.0 through 7.0.13, 6.4.0 through 6.4.14, 6.2.0 through 6.2.15, 6.0.0 through 6.0.17, FortiProxy versions 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, 7.0.0 through 7.0.14, 2.0.0 through 2.0.13, 1.2.0 through 1.2.13, 1.1.0 through 1.1.6, 1.0.0 through 1.0.7 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted requests. |
| CVE-2023-27997 |
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in FortiOS A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-122] in FortiOS version 7.2.4 and below, version 7.0.11 and below, version 6.4.12 and below, version 6.0.16 and below and FortiProxy version 7.2.3 and below, version 7.0.9 and below, version 2.0.12 and below, version 1.2 all versions, version 1.1 all versions SSL-VPN may allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests. |
| CVE-2022-42475 |
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in FortiOS SSL-VPN 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, 6.4.0 through 6.4.10, 6.2.0 through 6.2.11, 6.0.15 and earlier and FortiProxy SSL-VPN 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, 7.0.7 and earlier may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests. |
| CVE-2025-3619 |
Heap Buffer Overflow in Codecs. Heap buffer overflow in Codecs in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 135.0.7049.95 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-3620 |
Use-After-Free in USB Subsystem / Use after free vulnerability in USB. Use after free in USB in Google Chrome prior to 135.0.7049.95 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-2476 |
Use after free vulnerability in Lens. Use after free in Lens in Google Chrome prior to 134.0.6998.117 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-4096 |
Heap buffer overflow in Chrome's HTML rendering engine. Heap buffer overflow in HTML in Google Chrome prior to 136.0.7103.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-4050 |
Out-of-bounds memory access vulnerability in DevTools. Out of bounds memory access in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 136.0.7103.59 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-4051 |
Insufficient data validation within DevTools. Insufficient data validation in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 136.0.7103.59 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-4052 |
Inappropriate implementation in DevTools. Inappropriate implementation in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 136.0.7103.59 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-32432 |
Craft is a flexible, user-friendly CMS for creating custom digital experiences on the web and beyond Starting from version 3.0.0-RC1 to before 3.9.15, 4.0.0-RC1 to before 4.14.15, and 5.0.0-RC1 to before 5.6.17, Craft is vulnerable to remote code execution. This is a high-impact, low-complexity attack vector. This issue has been patched in versions 3.9.15, 4.14.15, and 5.6.17, and is an additional fix for CVE-2023-41892. |
| CVE-2025-58136 |
Yiiframework Yii Improper Protection of Alternate Path Vulnerability Yii 2 before 2.0.52 mishandles the attaching of behavior that is defined by an __class array key, a CVE-2024-4990 regression, as exploited in the wild in February through April 2025. |
| CVE-2025-32433 |
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH Server. Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules. |
| CVE-2025-20188 |
Arbitrary File Upload in Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software. Allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected system. This vulnerability is due to the presence of a hard-coded JSON Web Token (JWT) on an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTPS requests to the AP file upload interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload files, perform path traversal, and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges. |
| CVE-2025-20140 |
Cisco IOS XE Software for WLC Wireless IPv6 Clients Denial of Service Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, adjacent wireless attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to improper memory management. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of IPv6 network requests from an associated wireless IPv6 client to an affected device. To associate a client to a device, an attacker may first need to authenticate to the network, or associate freely in the case of a configured open network. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the wncd process to consume available memory and eventually cause the device to stop responding, resulting in a DoS condition. |
| CVE-2025-20186 |
Cisco IOS XE Software Web-Based Management Interface Command Injection Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, remote attacker with a lobby ambassador user account to perform a command injection attack against an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary Cisco IOS XE Software CLI commands with privilege level 15. Note: This vulnerability is exploitable only if the attacker obtains the credentials for a lobby ambassador account. This account is not configured by default. |
| CVE-2025-20154 |
Cisco IOS, IOS XE, and IOS XR Software TWAMP Denial of Service Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. For Cisco IOS XR Software, this vulnerability could cause the ipsla_ippm_server process to reload unexpectedly if debugs are enabled. This vulnerability is due to out-of-bounds array access when processing specially crafted TWAMP control packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted TWAMP control packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Note: For Cisco IOS XR Software, only the ipsla_ippm_server process reloads unexpectedly and only when debugs are enabled |
| CVE-2025-20191 |
Cisco Products DHCPv6 Denial of Service Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to the incorrect handling of DHCPv6 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted DHCPv6 packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. |
| CVE-2025-20122 |
Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain privileges of the root user on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An authenticated attacker with read-only privileges on the SD-WAN Manager system could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the CLI of the SD-WAN Manager. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root privileges on the underlying operating system. |
| CVE-2025-20182 |
Cisco ASA, Firepower, IOS, IOS XE IKEv2 Denial of Service Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when processing IKEv2 messages. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IKEv2 traffic to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition on the affected device. |
| CVE-2025-20197 |
Cisco IOS XE Software Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, local attacker with privilege level 15 to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when processing specific configuration commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including crafted input in specific configuration commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The security impact rating (SIR) of this advisory has been raised to High because an attacker could gain access to the underlying operating system of the affected device and perform potentially undetected actions. Note: The attacker must have privileges to enter configuration mode on the affected device. |
| CVE-2025-20198 |
Cisco IOS XE Software Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, local attacker with privilege level 15 to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when processing specific configuration commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including crafted input in specific configuration commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The security impact rating (SIR) of this advisory has been raised to High because an attacker could gain access to the underlying operating system of the affected device and perform potentially undetected actions. Note: The attacker must have privileges to enter configuration mode on the affected device. |
| CVE-2025-20192 |
Cisco IOS XE Internet Key Exchange Version 1 DoS Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. The attacker must have valid IKEv1 VPN credentials to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of IKEv1 phase 2 parameters before the IPsec security association creation request is handed off to the hardware cryptographic accelerator of an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IKEv1 messages to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload. |
| CVE-2025-20162 |
Cisco IOS XE DHCP Snooping Denial of Service Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a full interface queue wedge, which could result in a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to improper handling of DHCP request packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending DHCP request packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause packets to wedge in the queue, creating a DoS condition for downstream devices of the affected system and requiring that the system restart to drain the queue. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited with either unicast or broadcast DHCP packets on a VLAN that does not have DHCP snooping enabled. |
| CVE-2025-20164 |
Cisco IOS Industrial Ethernet Switch Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, remote attacker to elevate privileges. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of authorizations for authenticated users. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to privilege level 15. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid credentials for a user account with privilege level 5 or higher. Read-only DM users are assigned privilege level 5. |
| CVE-2025-20202 |
Cisco Wireless Controller CDP DoS Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of access point (AP) Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) neighbor reports when they are processed by the wireless controller. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted CDP packet to an AP. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause an unexpected reload of the wireless controller that is managing the AP, resulting in a DoS condition that affects the wireless network. |
| CVE-2025-20210 |
Cisco Catalyst Center Unauthenticated API Access Vulnerability. allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read and modify the outgoing proxy configuration settings. This vulnerability is due to the lack of authentication in an API endpoint. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a request to the affected API of a Catalyst Center device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to view or modify the outgoing proxy configuration, which could disrupt internet traffic from Cisco Catalyst Center or may allow the attacker to intercept outbound internet traffic. |
| CVE-2025-20181 |
Cisco Catalyst Switches Secure Boot Bypass Vulnerability. Allow an authenticated, local attacker with privilege level 15 or an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the device to execute persistent code at boot time and break the chain of trust. This vulnerability is due to missing signature verification for specific files that may be loaded during the device boot process. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by placing a crafted file into a specific location on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code at boot time. Because this allows the attacker to bypass a major security feature of the device, Cisco has raised the Security Impact Rating (SIR) of this advisory from Medium to High. |
| CVE-2025-20189 |
Cisco ASR 903 Routers ARP Denial of Service Vulnerability. Allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to trigger a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to improper memory management when Cisco IOS XE Software is processing Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) messages. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted ARP messages at a high rate over a period of time to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to exhaust system resources, which eventually triggers a reload of the active route switch processor (RSP). If a redundant RSP is not present, the router reloads. |
| CVE-2025-4664 |
Insufficient Policy Enforcement in Loader. Insufficient policy enforcement in Loader in Google Chrome prior to 136.0.7103.113 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-4609 | Incorrect Handle Provided in Mojo. |
| CVE-2025-30400 |
Microsoft DWM Core Library – Use-after-free flaw enabling local privilege escalation to SYSTEM. Use after free in Windows DWM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. |
| CVE-2025-32701 |
Windows Common Log File System Driver – Use-after-free flaw allowing local privilege escalation to SYSTEM. Use after free in Windows Common Log File System Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. |
| CVE-2025-32706 |
Windows Common Log File System Driver – Improper input validation. Improper input validation in Windows Common Log File System Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. |
| CVE-2025-32709 |
Windows WinSock Driver – Use-after-free flaw allowing privilege escalation. Use after free in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. |
| CVE-2025-30397 |
Microsoft Scripting Engine – Type confusion allowing RCE via malicious links. Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Microsoft Scripting Engine allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. |
| CVE-2025-26685 |
Microsoft Defender for Identity – Improper authentication enabling spoofing. Improper authentication in Microsoft Defender for Identity allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over an adjacent network. |
| CVE-2025-32702 |
Visual Studio – Command injection enabling unauthenticated local code execution. Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. |
| CVE-2025-29813 |
Azure DevOps Pipeline Token Hijack. [Spoofable identity claims] Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data in Azure DevOps allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. |
| CVE-2025-29827 |
Azure Automation Improper Authorization. Improper Authorization in Azure Automation allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. |
| CVE-2025-29972 |
Azure Storage SSRF Vulnerability. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in Azure allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network. |
| CVE-2025-30387 |
Azure – No specific description provided. Improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('path traversal') in Azure allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. |
| CVE-2025-47733 |
Microsoft Power Apps SSRF & Info Disclosure. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in Microsoft Power Apps allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network |
| CVE-2025-30663 |
TOCTOU race condition, allowing privilege escalation on all platforms. Time-of-check time-of-use race condition in some Zoom Workplace Apps may allow an authenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via local access. |
| CVE-2025-30668 |
Integer underflow in Windows client, potentially leading to crashes or RCE. Integer underflow in some Zoom Workplace Apps may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access. |
| CVE-2025-46786 |
Improper neutralization of special elements, enabling injection. Improper neutralization of special elements in some Zoom Workplace Apps may allow an authenticated user to impact app integrity via network access. |
| CVE-2025-46787 | Improper neutralization of special elements, enabling injection. |
| CVE-2025-46785 |
Buffer over-read in Windows client, which could expose sensitive memory or cause instability. Buffer over-read in some Zoom Workplace Apps for Windows may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access. |
| CVE-2025-30667 |
NULL pointer dereference on all platforms, possibly resulting in DoS or RCE. NULL pointer dereference in some Zoom Workplace Apps for Windows may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access. |
| CVE-2025-30665 |
NULL pointer dereference in Windows client, leading to crash or privilege escalation. NULL pointer dereference in some Zoom Workplace Apps for Windows may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access. |
| CVE-2025-30666 |
NULL pointer dereference in Windows client, leading to crash or privilege escalation. NULL pointer dereference in some Zoom Workplace Apps for Windows may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access. |
| CVE-2025-30664 |
Improper neutralization of special elements, allowing security control bypass. Improper neutralization of special elements in some Zoom Workplace Apps may allow an authenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via local access. |
| CVE-2025-27363 |
An out of bounds write exists in FreeType An out of bounds write exists in FreeType versions 2.13.0 and below (newer versions of FreeType are not vulnerable) when attempting to parse font subglyph structures related to TrueType GX and variable font files. The vulnerable code assigns a signed short value to an unsigned long and then adds a static value causing it to wrap around and allocate too small of a heap buffer. The code then writes up to 6 signed long integers out of bounds relative to this buffer. This may result in arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability may have been exploited in the wild. |
| CVE-2025-5419 |
Out of bounds read and write in V8 in Google Chrome Out of bounds read and write in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 137.0.7151.68 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2024-56145 |
Craft is a flexible, user-friendly CMS for creating custom digital experiences on the web and beyond. Users of affected versions are affected by this vulnerability if their php.ini configuration has `register_argc_argv` enabled. For these users an unspecified remote code execution vector is present. Users are advised to update to version 3.9.14, 4.13.2, or 5.5.2. Users unable to upgrade should disable `register_argc_argv` to mitigate the issue. |
| CVE-2025-35939 |
Craft CMS stores arbitrary content provided by unauthenticated users in session files. This content could be accessed and executed, possibly using an independent vulnerability. Craft CMS redirects requests that require authentication to the login page and generates a session file on the server at '/var/lib/php/sessions'. Such session files are named 'sess_[session_value]', where '[session_value]' is provided to the client in a 'Set-Cookie' response header. Craft CMS stores the return URL requested by the client without sanitizing parameters. Consequently, an unauthenticated client can introduce arbitrary values, such as PHP code, to a known local file location on the server. Craft CMS versions 5.7.5 and 4.15.3 have been released to address this issue. |
| CVE-2025-24813 |
Remote Code Execution and/or Information disclosure and/or malicious content added to uploaded files via write enabled Default Servlet in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.2, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.34, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.98. If all of the following were true, a malicious user was able to view security sensitive files and/or inject content into those files: - writes enabled for the default servlet (disabled by default) - support for partial PUT (enabled by default) - a target URL for security sensitive uploads that was a sub-directory of a target URL for public uploads - attacker knowledge of the names of security sensitive files being uploaded - the security sensitive files also being uploaded via partial PUT If all of the following were true, a malicious user was able to perform remote code execution: - writes enabled for the default servlet (disabled by default) - support for partial PUT (enabled by default) - application was using Tomcat's file based session persistence with the default storage location - application included a library that may be leveraged in a deserialization attack Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.3, 10.1.35 or 9.0.99, which fixes the issue. |
| CVE-2025-6191 |
Integer overflow in V8. Integer overflow in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 137.0.7151.119 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-6192 |
Use after free in Metrics. Use after free in Metrics in Google Chrome prior to 137.0.7151.119 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. |
| CVE-2025-37101 |
HPE OneView for VMware vCenter (OV4VC). This vulnerability could be exploited allowing an attacker with read only privilege to cause Vertical Privilege Escalation (operator can perform admin actions). |
| CVE-2025-6218 |
RARLAB WinRAR Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of RARLAB WinRAR. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of file paths within archive files. A crafted file path can cause the process to traverse to unintended directories. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. |
4.0 Conclusion
Overall, the number of computer security incidents reported to the Cyber999 Incident Response Centre in Q2 2025 is 2058, representing an increase of 24 percent compared to Q1 2025. No significant or severe incidents were observed during this quarter. Nevertheless, organisations and individuals must always be vigilant with continuous readiness and preventive and mitigation steps against potential threats. Perpetrators are very motivated, eager, and determined to use new and sophisticated tactics and techniques to execute cyber-attacks.
Hence, we strongly recommend that all internet users be constantly aware of today's cybercrime trends and adhere to the best cyber hygiene practices. This also includes secure handling of emails from unknown sources, safe web browsing, purchasing goods online, and using social media applications. Users must keep systems up to date with the latest security patches and updates to prevent their computers from being compromised or infected with malware. Always check the legibility of the applications, portal, merchants, services, and products before conducting any online transaction.
As the complexity of cyber threats continues to increase, organisations and individuals could be potential targets if they are not equipped with security awareness. Providing security awareness campaigns to citizens and organisations is among the best efforts to improve national cyber security and public trust.
Malaysian Internet users and organisations may contact us to report cyber security incidents at the following contact:
E-mail: cyber999[at]cybersecurity.my
Phone: 1-300-88-2999 (monitored during business hours)
Mobile: +60 19 2665850 (24x7 call incident reporting)
Business Hours: Mon - Fri 08:30 -17:30 MYT
Web: https://www.cybersecurity.my
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